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The Port Royal Society

EVERY lover of letters has heard of this learned society, which, says Gibbon, contributed so much to establish in France a taste for just reasoning, simplicity of style, and philosophical method. Their “Logic, or the Art of Thinking,” for its lucid, accurate and diversified matter, is still an admirable work; notwithstanding the writers at that time had to emancipate themselves from the barbarism of the scholastic logic with cautious boldness. It was the conjoint labour of Arnauld and Nicolle. Europe has benefited by the labours of these learned men: but not many have attended to the origin and dissolution of this literary society.

 

 

In the year 1637, Le Maitre, a celebrated advocate, resigned the bar, and the honour of being Counseiller d’Etat, which his uncommon merit had obtained him, though then only twenty-eight years of age. His brother, De Sericourt, who had followed the military profession, quitted it at the same time. Consecrating themselves to the service of God, they retired into a small house near the Port-Royal of Paris, where they were joined by their brothers De Sacy, de St. Elme, and De Valmont. Arnauld, one of their most illustrious associates, was induced to enter into the Jansenist controversy, and then it was they encountered the powerful persecution of the Jesuits. Constrained to remove from that spot, they fixed their residence at a few leagues from Paris, and called it Port-Royal des Champs.

 

With these illustrious recluses many distinguished persons now retired, who had given up their parks and houses to be appropriated to their schools; and this community was called the Society of Port-Royal.

 

Here were no rules, no vows, no constitution, and no cells formed. Prayer and study, and manual labour, were their only occupations. They applied themselves to the education of youth, and raised up little academies in the neighbourhood, where the members of Port-Royal, the most illustrious names of literary France, presided. None considered his birth entitled him to any exemption from their public offices, relieving the poor and attending on the sick, and employing themselves in their farms and gardens; they were carpenters, ploughmen, gardeners, and vine-dressers, &c. as if they had practised nothing else; they studied physic, and surgery, and law; in truth, it seems that from religious motives, these learned men attempted to form a community of primitive Christianity.

 

The Duchess of Longueville, once a political chief, sacrificed her ambition on the altar of Port Royal, enlarged the monastic enclosure with spacious gardens and orchards, built a noble house, and often retreated to its seclusion. The learned D’Andilly, the translator of Josephus, after his studious hours, resorted to the cultivation of fruit-trees; and the fruit of Port-Royal became celebrated for its size and flavour. Presents were sent to the Queen-Mother of France, Anne of Austria, and Cardinal Mazarin, who used to call it “Fruit-beni.” It appears that “families of rank, affluence, and piety, who did not wish entirely to give up their avocations in the world, built themselves country-houses in the valley of Port-Royal, in order to enjoy the society of its religious and literary inhabitants.”

 

In the solitudes of Port-Royal, Racine received his education; and, on his death-bed, desired to be buried in its cemetery, at the feet of his master, Hamon. Arnauld, persecuted, and dying in a foreign country, still cast his lingering looks on this beloved retreat, and left the society his heart, which was there inurned.

 

Anne de Bourbon, a princess of the blood-royal, erected a house near the Port-Royal, and was, during her life, the powerful patroness of these solitary and religious men ; but her death, in 1679, was the fatal stroke which dispersed them for ever.

 

The envy and the fears of the Jesuits, and their rancour against Arnauld, who with such ability had exposed their designs, occasioned the destruction of the Port-Royal Society. Exinanite, exinanite usque ad funadamentum in ea!—Annihilate it, annihilate it, to its very foundations! Such are the terms in the Jesuitic decree. The Jesuits had long called the little schools of Port-Royal the hotbeds of heresy. Gregoire, in his interesting memoir of “Ruins of Port-Royal,” has drawn an affecting picture of that virtuous society when the Jesuits obtained by their intrigues an order from government to break it up. They razed the buildings, and ploughed up the very foundation; they exhausted their hatred even on the stones, and profaned even the sanctuary of the dead; the corpses were torn out of their graves, and dogs were suffered to contend for the rags of their shrouds. When the Port-Royal had no longer an existence, the memory of that asylum of innocence and learning was still kept alive by those who collected the engravings representing that place by Mademoiselle Hortemels. The police, under Jesuitic influence, at length seized on the plates in the cabinet of the fair artist.—How caustic was the retort courteous which Arnauld gave the Jesuits—“I do not fear your pen, but its knife.”

 

These were men whom the love of retirement had united to cultivate literature, in the midst of solitude, of peace, and of piety. They formed a society of learned men, of fine taste and sound philosophy. Alike occupied on sacred, as well as on profane writers, they edified, while they enlightened the world. Their writings fixed the French language. The example of these solitaries show how retirement is favourable to penetrate into the sanctuary of the Muses; and that by meditating in silence on the oracles of taste, in imitating we may equal them.

 

An interesting anecdote is related of Arnauld on the occasion of the dissolution of this society. The dispersion of these great men, and their young scholars, was lamented by every one but their enemies. Many persons of the highest rank participated in their sorrows. The excellent Arnauld, in that moment, was as closely pursued as if he had been a felon.

 

It was then the Duchess of Longueville concealed Arnauld in an obscure lodging, who assumed the dress of a layman, wearing a sword and full-bottomed wig. Arnauld was attacked by a fever, and in the course of conversation with a physician, Arnauld inquired after news. “They talk of a new book of the Port-Royal,” replied the doctor, “attributed to Arnauld or to Sacy; but I do not believe it comes from Sacy; he does not write so well.”-“How, Sir!” exclaimed the philosopher, forgetting his sword and wig; “believe me my nephew writes better than I do.”—The physician eyed his patient with amazement—he hastened to the duchess, and told her, “The malady of the gentleman you sent me to is not very serious, provided you do not suffer him to see any one, and insist on his holding his tongue.” The duchess, alarmed, immediately had Arnauld conveyed to her palace. She gave him an apartment, concealed him in her chamber, and persisted to attend him herself.—“Ask,” she said, “what you want of the servant, but it shall be myself who shall bring it to you.”

 

How honourable is it to the female character, that in all similar events their sensibility is not higher than their fortitude! But the Duchess of Longueville saw in Arnauld a model of human fortitude which martyrs never excelled. His remarkable reply to Nicolle, when they were hunted from place to place, can never be forgotten: Arnauld wished Nicolle to assist him in a new work, when the latter observed, “We are now old, is it not time to rest?” “Rest!” returned Arnauld, “have we not all eternity to rest in?” The whole of the Arnauld family were the most extraordinary instance of that hereditary character which is continued through certain families: here it was a sublime, and, perhaps, singular union of learning with religion. The Arnaulds, Sacy, Pascal, Tillemont, with other illustrious names, to whom literary Europe will owe perpetual obligations, combined the life of the monastery with that of the library.

 

by Isaac D’Israeli (1766-1848)

Read Port Royal Logic

 

By It Here

The Port Royal Society continues to impact the world by promoting the Gospel of Jesus Christ for the heart, soul, body and mind to thousands across the globe. 

 

Now in its 381st year, the past twelve months have added a new fire to the efforts of this historic community. Born outside of Paris in 1637, the society’s reach has increased, and the focus remains consistent.

 

In 2017 Port Royal became a 501c-3 in the U.S. to increase our opportunities to serve and influence others. The past year included supporting: provisions for poor families in Nepal, sharing the gospel in Switzerland and Poland, and providing Christian educational resources in France.  Further, ancient books were purchased and shared with those showing interest. Thousands of dollars went to support these efforts. 

 

In the coming months, Port Royal will continue to invest in individuals and groups that serve the poor, provide educational programs and services, promote the Christian message, and increase one on one discipleship.  The goal of this community remains:  adding an intellectual gospel to the heart gospel to puts the gospel into action.

 

Soon we’ll be inviting more along on this journey.  Please continue to watch for more information or sign up to receive updates at www.portroyalsociety.org

 

“Capacity for discerning truth is the most important measure of minds.” – Antonie Arnauld (1637)

 

In service,

 

Don Owens

President

The Port Royal Society

don@portroyalsociety.org

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